Aeschines of Sphettus was an Athenian philosopher of the late 5th and early 4th centuries BCE. He was a devoted follower of Socrates and was present at his teacher's trial and execution. Ancient biographical sources suggest he came from a modest background and later traveled, teaching rhetoric. He is counted among the first generation of thinkers who wrote about Socrates after his death.

Aeschines wrote philosophical dialogues featuring Socrates as a central character. Titles of his lost works include Alcibiades, Aspasia, and Miltiades. None of these dialogues survive intact today; they are known only through fragments and descriptions quoted by later ancient authors.

His significance lies in being one of the "minor Socratics," whose works show the diverse early interpretations of Socrates before Plato's writings became dominant. Some ancient critics praised his dialogues for their realistic portrayal of Socrates' character. His work Aspasia is particularly noted by modern scholars for its unique depiction of Socrates citing the courtesan Aspasia as an authority on rhetoric and marriage. The fragments of his writings provide valuable evidence for the breadth of the early Socratic literary movement.