Anthony the Hagiographer is a Christian author from Late Antiquity, but his exact historical identity is uncertain. He likely lived sometime between the 4th and 6th centuries CE, a period when writing biographies of saints, known as hagiography, became a major literary activity. His epithet "the Hagiographer" indicates this was his primary role, though no specific details of his life, such as his origin or ecclesiastical position, are known.

A single work, On the Veneration of the Holy Icons, is attributed to him. This title suggests a theological treatise defending the use of religious images in worship. According to modern scholars, this subject matter is more characteristic of the later Iconoclastic Controversy (8th–9th centuries CE), which creates some uncertainty about the dating or attribution of the work. Major texts on icons from that period are associated with other, well-documented theologians, and no standard reference sources contain a record of this specific work by an author named Anthony the Hagiographer.

His significance is therefore interpreted cautiously. If historical, he would represent a voice in the development of Christian devotional practice and image theology. More broadly, authors of hagiography, whether named or anonymous, played a crucial role in shaping late antique Christian culture by promoting models of sanctity and asceticism. The lack of direct evidence suggests he may have been a minor or localized figure, or that the attribution of the work to him is a later tradition.