The "Apollonius of Rhodes Scholia" are not a single work by one author, but a large collection of ancient explanatory notes and commentaries on the epic poem Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes. These notes were compiled over many centuries, from roughly the first century BCE to the sixth century CE, by multiple scholars working within the Alexandrian tradition of literary scholarship. The earliest contributions are often attributed to grammarians like Theon from the Augustan age, with later scholars adding to and organizing the material through the Byzantine period.

This collective work represents the methods of ancient philology, where scholars focused on explaining difficult words, parsing grammar, identifying myths, and critiquing style. The scholia are preserved in the margins of medieval manuscripts of the Argonautica. According to modern scholars, their primary value lies in offering a window into how ancient readers interpreted this complex Hellenistic poem. They are also a crucial historical resource, as they preserve fragments of many lost works and record the textual criticism practiced by Alexandrian grammarians. The survival of this scholarly apparatus alongside the epic itself was vital for the poem's transmission and study from antiquity through the modern era.