Archigenes of Apamea was a Greek physician who practiced medicine in Rome during the early 2nd century CE, under the emperors Trajan and Hadrian. He was a student of Agathinus of Sparta and became a leading figure in the Pneumatic school of medicine. This school taught that health was governed by pneuma, or vital breath. Archigenes was a famous and respected doctor in his own time, even mentioned by the Roman satirist Juvenal.

He was a prolific writer, but none of his complete works survive today. His ideas are preserved only in fragments quoted by later medical authors, most notably Galen and Aëtius of Amida. From these references, we know he wrote detailed treatises on subjects like the pulse, fevers, drugs, and gynecology. His work on diagnosing illness through the pulse was especially noted for its complex classifications.

According to modern scholars, Archigenes's main historical importance lies in his influence on later medical thought. Although Galen often criticized his theories, he engaged with them extensively. Through this critical discussion, Archigenes's ideas on physiology and treatment were filtered into the mainstream of late antique and medieval medicine, ensuring his place in the history of medical science despite the loss of his original texts.