Boethus of Sidon was a philosopher of the Peripatetic school, active in the 1st century BCE. He was a student of Andronicus of Rhodes, the scholar responsible for organizing Aristotle's works. This places Boethus in a pivotal period when Aristotle's philosophy was being revived and systematically studied. He should not be confused with an earlier Stoic philosopher who shared the same name and hometown.

None of Boethus's own writings survive intact. His philosophical ideas are known only through fragments and discussions recorded by later commentators, such as Alexander of Aphrodisias. According to these sources, Boethus was a critical and engaged interpreter of Aristotle. He is particularly noted for his debates on core Aristotelian concepts, including the system of categories, the nature of substance, and the problem of universals. For example, he famously disagreed with Aristotle's definition of "place," arguing for a more materialist explanation.

Modern scholars see Boethus as a significant figure in the early reception of Aristotle. The fact that leading later philosophers felt the need to address and refute his arguments indicates that his interpretations were considered important within the Peripatetic tradition. His work exemplifies the lively scholarly debates that shaped Hellenistic philosophy after Aristotle's texts were rediscovered and edited.