The Book of Enoch is an ancient Jewish text attributed to the biblical patriarch Enoch. It was not written by a single author but is a collection of writings composed by multiple anonymous authors over several centuries, primarily during the Hellenistic period from the 3rd to the 1st century BCE. The work is pseudepigraphal, meaning it is ascribed to a famous figure of the past. It originates from Jewish scribal or priestly circles and reflects the apocalyptic ideas of the Second Temple era.

The text is a composite work, which modern scholars typically divide into five major sections. These include the Book of the Watchers, concerning fallen angels; the Book of Parables, which features visions of a messianic "Son of Man"; the Astronomical Book, detailing a 364-day calendar; the Book of Dream Visions, an allegorical history; and the Epistle of Enoch, containing ethical teachings. The original language for most parts was Aramaic, with later translations into Greek and Ethiopic. The date of some sections, particularly the Book of Parables, is uncertain and remains debated by scholars.

According to modern scholars, the Book of Enoch is historically significant as a foundational text for Jewish apocalyptic thought. It was highly influential, developing key concepts about angels, demons, cosmology, and final judgment that later impacted both Jewish and early Christian literature. It is directly quoted in the New Testament and was referenced by early Church Fathers. Although excluded from the Hebrew Bible and most Christian canons, it has been preserved as scripture by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.