Callistratus the Sophist was a Greek professional orator and teacher of rhetoric, active in the late Roman Empire during the 3rd or 4th century CE. He worked within the cultural movement known as the Second Sophistic, which emphasized the revival of classical Greek language and elaborate public speaking. The precise details of his life, including his birthplace and exact dates, are not known.

He is known only for a single surviving work titled Descriptions (Ekphraseis). This is a collection of fourteen short rhetorical pieces that vividly describe statues, most of which were famous works from Classical Greece. According to modern scholars, these texts are important examples of ekphrasis, a literary technique of vivid description. They provide insight into how educated audiences of the late antique period viewed and interpreted art, often praising sculptures for their lifelike and divine qualities. The work is also considered a valuable, though highly imaginative, witness to lost masterpieces by sculptors like Praxiteles and Lysippus, reflecting a lasting fascination with the Hellenic past under Roman rule.