Chaeremon of Alexandria was a Stoic philosopher and scholar who lived during the first century CE, when Egypt was part of the Roman Empire. He held the important position of a priest and keeper of the sacred books at the Serapeum, Alexandria's great temple and library. His career reached the highest levels of Roman society when he was summoned to Rome to serve as a tutor to the young emperor Nero, alongside the famous philosopher Seneca.

Although his own writings are now lost, fragments quoted by later authors show he wrote extensively on Egyptian culture. His most significant known work was a treatise on Egyptian religion and the disciplined lifestyle of its priests. He also wrote on topics like comets and Egyptian astrology. According to modern scholars, Chaeremon's work is notable for interpreting Egyptian rituals and symbols through the lens of Stoic philosophy, presenting the priests as models of ascetic wisdom. This synthesis represents a significant Greco-Roman effort to understand Egyptian traditions in philosophical terms.

His writings influenced later thinkers, including the Jewish historian Josephus and the Neoplatonist philosopher Porphyry. His role as a tutor also places him within the circle of intellectuals who shaped the early Roman imperial court.