The author of the Dialogue with a Jew is an anonymous Christian writer from the 6th century CE, living in the Byzantine Empire. According to modern scholars, the writer was likely a theologian, cleric, or monk engaged in the religious debates of late antiquity. The work is dated to this period based on its style and its engagement with theological issues that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE.

The author's only known work is a prose text titled Dialogue with a Jew. It is written in the form of a structured debate between a Christian and a Jewish interlocutor. This format was a common tool in early Christian literature for defending doctrine and instructing believers. The dialogue focuses on interpreting scripture, arguing for Christian readings of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah and challenging Jewish observance of the Law.

The work's significance lies in its value as a historical witness. It provides insight into the standard arguments and rhetorical strategies used in Christian-Jewish polemics during the 6th century. As an anonymous text, it is studied not for its author's biography but for what it reveals about the intellectual and religious tensions of the time, illustrating how Christian authors sought to define their faith against contemporary Jewish interpretations.