Diotogenes is the name traditionally given to the author of an ancient Greek treatise On Kingship. He is usually placed within the Pythagorean philosophical tradition. The date of his life is uncertain, but his work is part of a body of Hellenistic political thought. Some modern scholars question whether Diotogenes was a real historical figure, suggesting the name might be a pseudonym used by a later writer composing in a style meant to evoke early Pythagorean wisdom.

Only fragments of his work survive, preserved in a 5th-century CE anthology compiled by Stobaeus. The treatise, written in Doric Greek, describes the ideal king as a "living law" and a divine representative on earth. This concept was influential for later political theories in the Greco-Roman world. According to academic interpretation, this text is significant as an example of pseudepigraphical Pythagorean literature that helped shape philosophical ideas about monarchy and governance. His historical existence and the exact dating of his work remain subjects of scholarly debate.