Eusebius of Emesa was a Christian bishop and theologian of the 4th century CE. He was born around 300 CE in Edessa (in modern-day Turkey) and was of Armenian descent. He received an extensive education in both Greek and Syriac literature and studied theology under prominent teachers, including the historian Eusebius of Caesarea. Known for his broad learning in philosophy and the sciences, he was offered the influential bishopric of Alexandria in 337 but declined. He instead became the bishop of Emesa (modern Homs, Syria) around 341, serving there until his death, which is estimated to be around 359 CE.

He was a prolific writer, though most of his works are lost and survive only in fragments or translations. His known writings include biblical commentaries on books like Genesis and the Gospels, numerous homilies, and theological treatises on subjects such as the resurrection and faith. Some of these works are preserved primarily in Armenian and Latin translations, with only fragments remaining in the original Greek.

According to modern scholars, Eusebius of Emesa was a significant bridge between Greek and Syriac Christian traditions in the period following the Council of Nicaea. His biblical commentaries, which blended literal and symbolic interpretation, are noted for their influence on later thinkers. He is also recognized for attempting to use philosophical and scientific knowledge to defend Christian doctrine. While not a central figure in major doctrinal debates, his translated sermons and commentaries helped shape biblical exegesis in both the Armenian and Latin Christian traditions, exemplifying the multilingual and scholarly character of theology in the late Roman Empire.