Heraclitus the Allegorist is a Greek grammarian and rhetorician of the 1st century CE, author of Homeric Problems (also called Homeric Questions or Homeric Allegories). He is not the Archaic Presocratic philosopher of Ephesus who shares the name.
His treatise defends Homer against charges of impiety by interpreting divine battles, love affairs, and other scandalous episodes as physical and ethical allegories. Scholars generally place the work in the early Empire, often around AD 100. It survives complete and is a central document of Imperial Homeric allegoresis, alongside works such as Cornutus's theology and Pseudo-Plutarch On the Life and Poetry of Homer.
On Eulogikon he is catalogued as Roman (1st c. CE), without a Presocratic school affiliation. The earlier Archaic dating and “Heraclitus of Ephesus II” label were a conflation with the Presocratic Heraclitus.
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