Hieronymus of Rhodes was a philosopher of the 3rd century BCE, during the Hellenistic period. He was a member of the Peripatetic school, the tradition founded by Aristotle. He was a contemporary of other prominent philosophers like Arcesilaus and Lyco, which places the height of his activity around the 270s and 260s BCE.

None of his writings survive intact; they are known only through fragments and references in later authors. According to modern scholars, he wrote on a range of subjects. One significant work was On Suspense of Judgement, which engaged with major epistemological debates of his time. He also wrote on ethical topics, with one work titled On Lack of Anger. His philosophical views show the influence of contemporary debates. For instance, he defined the highest good as "freedom from disturbance and pain," a view that represents a notable shift from Aristotle’s teachings and aligns more closely with other Hellenistic schools of thought. Some fragments also suggest he wrote biographical or historical notes.

Hieronymus is historically important because he illustrates the diversity and adaptation within the Peripatetic school after Aristotle. His engagement with Skeptic and Epicurean ideas shows the active cross-pollination between different philosophical traditions in the Hellenistic era. The surviving fragments of his work provide crucial evidence for this dynamic period in ancient thought.