Lyco of Tarentum was a Greek philosopher of the 3rd century BCE. Originally from the city of Tarentum in southern Italy, he moved to Athens, where he became the third head of the Peripatetic school, the philosophical tradition founded by Aristotle. He led the school for 44 years, from approximately 269 BCE until his death around 225 BCE.

His long leadership is considered his primary historical importance. According to modern scholars, he provided essential stability and maintained the school's property and reputation during a period often viewed as one of declining original thought within the Lyceum. He was known less for developing new philosophical ideas and more for his personal character and administrative skill. Ancient sources describe him as eloquent, witty, and fond of elegant living, education, and social gatherings. Later writers like Cicero referenced him as an example of a philosopher who cultivated a refined and pleasurable lifestyle.

None of Lyco’s own writings survive. He is credited with producing rhetorical works and possibly texts on education and ethics, but these are lost. The main source for his life is the biography written by Diogenes Laertius, which paints a vivid picture of his personality. His significance lies in his role as a long-serving institutional leader who preserved the Peripatetic school through his personal charm and capable stewardship.