Magical Treatises Anonymous (Ἀνώνυμος μαγικὰ συγγράμματα)

Life No biographical information exists for the anonymous compilers of the magical treatises from the 2nd to 4th centuries CE. These practical handbooks originate from the Greco-Roman world of Late Antiquity, a period of religious syncretism [1]. The texts imply literate practitioners—temple scribes or ritual experts—operating where magic intersected with religion, philosophy, and proto-scientific thought [1][2].

Works The works are corpora of magical recipes and rituals. The primary corpus is the Greek Magical Papyri (PGM), a modern collection of papyri from Egypt, with a concentration from the 2nd–4th centuries CE [1][3]. Key papyri include PGM I (the "Eighth Book of Moses"), PGM IV (the "Great Magical Papyrus"), and PGM XIII (the "Lithika") [1]. Related collections include the Demotic Magical Papyri and Coptic magical texts [1].

Significance These treatises are primary sources for ancient religion, magic, and daily life. They provide direct evidence for ritual practices and syncretic beliefs, blending Egyptian, Greek, Jewish, and early Christian elements [1][3]. They are crucial for understanding the boundaries between religion, magic, and science in the ancient world [2].

Sources 1. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Plato.stanford.edu): https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/magic-ancient/ 2. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP.utm.edu): https://iep.utm.edu/magic-in-graeco-roman-philosophy/ 3. World History Encyclopedia: https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Magical_Papyri/