Nicander of Thyatira was a Greek grammarian and scholar active during the 3rd century BCE. He was from the city of Thyatira in Lydia, Asia Minor. It is important to distinguish him from a more famous poet of the same name, Nicander of Colophon, who lived later and wrote about poisons and antidotes.

He was part of the early intellectual community in Alexandria. According to ancient sources, he was a student of Zenodotus of Ephesus, the first head of the famous Library of Alexandria. He is also recorded as having been a teacher of the renowned astronomer and geographer Hipparchus.

His known work is a lost treatise titled On the Dialect of the Iliad. This text was a grammatical and linguistic analysis of the language used in Homer's epic poem. As such, Nicander represents the foundational phase of Alexandrian scholarship, where scholars systematically studied and edited classical texts. His work focused on explaining the unique dialect and word forms found in the Iliad, which was a central task for philologists of his time. His position, linking his teacher Zenodotus and his student Hipparchus, connects the traditions of literary scholarship and scientific inquiry in the Hellenistic period.