The Nostoi, or "Returns," is a lost epic poem from ancient Greece, composed by an anonymous poet. It dates to the Archaic period, most likely in the 7th or 6th century BCE. The work was a key part of the Epic Cycle, a collection of poems that together told the complete story of the Trojan War and its aftermath.
No biographical details about the author are known. Ancient sources sometimes attributed the poem to other figures, including the famous poet Homer, but modern scholars do not consider these attributions to be reliable. The poet is best understood as a compiler or composer working within the established oral tradition of cyclic epic.
The poem itself has not survived intact. Our knowledge of it comes from fragments and, primarily, a later prose summary. It narrated the various homeward journeys of the Greek heroes after the fall of Troy. Its stories included the fatal return of Agamemnon, the wanderings of Menelaus, and the beginning of Odysseus's long voyage home.
According to modern scholars, the Nostoi played a crucial role in bridging the narrative between other major epics. It connected the end of the Trojan War to the start of Odysseus's adventures in the Odyssey. The poem provided an authoritative early version of myths that became central to later Greek literature, especially tragedy, ensuring its importance for understanding the development of the Trojan War story cycle.
Available Works
Sources
- Stanford Encyclopedia Entry (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Accessed: 2026-01-25
- Oxford Research Encyclopedia Entry (Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics) Accessed: 2026-01-25