Olympiodorus the Younger was a Neoplatonic philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria during the 6th century CE. He is traditionally considered the last pagan head of the Alexandrian school, continuing to teach after the closure of the Athenian Academy in 529. His career represents the persistence of pagan philosophical education within a Christian empire. He was a student of Ammonius Hermiae and taught classes attended by both pagan and Christian students.

His surviving works are primarily commentaries based on his lectures. These include explanations of Plato’s dialogues Alcibiades I, Gorgias, and Phaedo, as well as commentaries on Aristotle’s Categories and Meteorologica. A work titled Life of Plato is also attributed to him. According to modern scholars, his approach often focused on the ethical and logical teachings of Plato and Aristotle, avoiding more contentious metaphysical debates. This conciliatory style is seen as a practical adaptation to his historical context.

Olympiodorus is a significant transitional figure in late antique philosophy. Academics view him as the final representative of the Alexandrian commentary tradition, which sought to harmonize the works of Plato and Aristotle. His writings are valuable for understanding the teaching methods of his time and for preserving earlier Neoplatonic ideas. By transmitting this philosophical heritage, his work helped ensure its survival into the Byzantine and medieval periods.