The Oration of Joseph is a Jewish theological text from the Late Antique period, likely written between the 4th and 6th centuries CE. No biographical details about an author named Joseph are known. According to modern scholars, the work is considered pseudepigraphical, meaning it was composed under the name of the biblical patriarch Joseph to lend authority to its ideas, which was a common practice in Jewish literature of this era.

The treatise was written in Greek within the cultural sphere of the Byzantine Empire, indicating interaction between Jewish and Christian textual traditions at the time. Its exact contents and whether it survives intact are unclear from available sources. If extant, it would represent a form of Jewish thought from the Diaspora that developed alongside early Christian theology.

The work’s significance lies in its potential to illustrate the diversity of late antique Jewish literature composed in Greek. Such texts often contained scriptural interpretations or teachings attributed to ancient figures. Preserved in a Byzantine Christian context, it would offer insight into theological exchanges and how certain Jewish writings were transmitted by later Christian communities.