Peter the Theologian is a figure from late antiquity, traditionally placed in the 4th or 5th century CE. His historical identity is uncertain, and he is not a widely recognized author in standard histories of early Christian literature. The title "Theologian" was an exceptional honor in this period, most famously reserved for only a few major saints, making its association with a figure named Peter unusual. If he was active during this time, he would have lived amidst the major theological debates on the Trinity and the nature of Christ that defined the era.

According to the available record, he is credited with two treatises. However, no works under this name are found in major reference sources, and their contents and titles are unknown. Modern scholars suggest the name could refer to a minor, now-lost author, a pseudonymous figure, or a person later conflated with other more famous religious leaders named Peter.

His significance is difficult to assess due to the lack of clear evidence. The absence of his works and biographical details from primary sources suggests his direct impact on later Christian tradition was likely minimal. The figure remains a subject of curiosity primarily because of the rare and prestigious title he bears, which cannot be fully explained with the information currently available.