The Sayings of the Pythagoreans is a collection of ethical maxims compiled by an unknown author during the Roman Imperial period, likely in the 2nd or 3rd century CE. This was a time of renewed interest in Pythagorean philosophy, which blended with other popular schools of thought. The compiler’s own life and location are not recorded, but their work was part of a widespread practice of gathering wise sayings for instruction.

The work is a compilation of short, prose sayings on practical topics like self-control, justice, piety, and daily conduct. These sayings are attributed to the early followers of Pythagoras. A similar or related collection is sometimes called the Pythagorean Sentences. According to modern scholars, these collections are considered part of a later tradition that used Pythagoras’s name to lend authority to moral advice, rather than representing the original, complex philosophical system.

The significance of the Sayings lies in showing how Pythagoreanism evolved. It transformed from an early Greek philosophical school into a popular source of ethical wisdom in the Roman world. The collection helped spread ideals like harmony and self-examination to a broad audience. Alongside other later texts, it played a key role in shaping the enduring image of Pythagoras as a sage and moral teacher, influencing later philosophical and religious thought.