Theodotus was a Jewish epic poet who lived during the Hellenistic period, most likely in the 2nd or 1st century BCE. He is known only from fragments of his work, which identify him as "the Jew." No details of his personal life or exact location survive, but he was likely part of the Jewish diaspora in the Eastern Mediterranean, where Greek and Jewish cultures interacted.

He wrote a single known work, an epic poem composed in Homeric Greek hexameter. The poem retold the biblical story from Genesis 34 concerning the rape of Dinah and the subsequent sack of Shechem by her brothers. The work survives only in six fragments, totaling about 47 lines, which were preserved by later historians.

Theodotus is a significant figure for understanding Jewish-Hellenistic literature. His work represents a deliberate effort to present Jewish scripture within the prestigious framework of Greek epic poetry, aiming to demonstrate the literary and historical dignity of Jewish traditions to a Greek-speaking audience. According to modern scholars, his version of the story may also reflect contemporary religious tensions, as it strongly emphasizes the defilement of Dinah and justifies her brothers' violent retaliation, which some academics suggest could relate to Samaritan-Jewish polemics of the time.