The Traditions of Matthias is an early Christian text written by an unknown author, likely in the 2nd or 3rd century CE. It is a collection of sayings and teachings attributed to the apostle Matthias, but the author who compiled or wrote them remains anonymous. The work itself is now lost and is known only through brief references made by later Christian writers.

The text is significant because it represents a type of early Christian literature that circulated outside the official New Testament canon. According to modern scholars, its content suggests it was connected to early Christian ascetic movements that emphasized rigorous abstinence. Major theologians like Clement of Alexandria and Origen mention these traditions, indicating the text was known and discussed in certain early Christian circles, particularly those interested in more secretive or esoteric teachings.

The survival of only fragments of this work highlights the diversity of belief in early Christianity and the process by which some texts were preserved by the mainstream church while others were not. Academics view it as an example of how different groups would appeal to apostolic authority to support their specific theological and ethical views.