Tryphon was an Alexandrian grammarian and lexicographer who lived and worked during the 1st century BCE, under the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus. He was a student of the famous scholar Didymus Chalcenterus and was part of the long tradition of grammatical scholarship centered on the Library of Alexandria.

His writings were systematic treatises on specialized topics in language. His major known work was On Tropes, which dealt with rhetorical figures and styles. He also wrote other works with titles like On Nouns, On Verbs, On Orthography, and a lexicon On Attic Diction. None of these works survive intact today; they are all lost and known only through fragments and references quoted by later grammarians and commentators.

According to modern scholars, Tryphon was a significant bridge between earlier Alexandrian scholars and later traditions. His systematic studies contributed to standardizing grammatical terminology and the pursuit of linguistic correctness, which became central to later education. His work On Tropes was particularly influential, with its ideas on style being used by later rhetoricians. Through these fragments, his contributions became part of the foundation of Greco-Roman grammatical science.