Alexander of Ephesus was a Greek poet and scholar who lived in the 1st century BCE, during the late Hellenistic period. He was a native of the important city of Ephesus in Asia Minor. According to the ancient geographer Strabo, he was a contemporary of the Roman statesman Cicero and was known for his skill in poetry. He was also a friend of the historian Artemidorus, another Ephesian. Alexander was called a "sophist," a term which at the time often referred to a skilled orator or man of letters who moved in educated, cosmopolitan circles.

His primary known work was a single, now lost, epic poem. Strabo records that Alexander composed this poem in hexameter verse—the meter used by Homer—as a work of praise for the city of Rome. No title or fragments of the poem survive; our entire knowledge of it comes from this brief mention.

Modern scholars see Alexander as a minor but illustrative figure of his era. His decision to write a Greek epic praising Rome represents a significant cultural trend, showing how Greek intellectuals engaged with and adapted to the new political reality of Roman power. His lost work is a data point for understanding the reception of Rome in the Greek East during the final century of the Roman Republic.