Antileon the Historian (Ἀντιλέων ὁ Ἱστορικός) was a Hellenistic historian active in the 2nd–1st century BCE. No biographical details survive. He is known solely through fragmentary citations by later authors.

His historical work, possibly titled Histories, exists only in fragments. One is preserved by the lexicographer Hesychius of Alexandria, who cites Antileon for the word "κατακισσόω" (to deck with ivy) [1][2]. A separate fragment describing the foundation of Metapontum is sometimes attributed to him, though this may refer to a different individual named Antileon [3].

Antileon is a minor figure whose significance lies in representing the vast body of lost Hellenistic historiography. His citation by Hesychius indicates his work contained descriptive or antiquarian details of interest to later grammarians.

Sources 1. Perseus Digital Library (Tufts University): https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkatakissow 2. ToposText (Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation): https://topostext.org/people/1410 3. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics (Oxford University Press): https://oxfordre.com/classics/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-8032