Philoxenus of Alexandria was a Greek grammarian who lived and worked in the 1st century BCE. He was part of the vibrant scholarly community in Hellenistic Alexandria, where experts systematically studied language and literature. His specific role was that of a grammarian, focusing on the details of the Greek language.

He is credited with writing several scholarly treatises, though none survive in complete form. According to ancient sources, his works included studies On the Greek Dialects and a specific volume On the Laconian Dialect. He also compiled a glossary of useful words and wrote on subjects ranging from proper names to poetic meters. All these works are now lost, surviving only through references made by later writers.

Philoxenus’s historical importance lies in his contribution to the foundation of Greek linguistic science. According to modern scholars, his research on dialects was cited by grammarians in later centuries, indicating his work was a recognized resource. He represents the network of Alexandrian scholars whose collective efforts in grammar and lexicography helped preserve and analyze the diversity of the ancient Greek language for future generations.