eul_wid: tqa-am
DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20335422

Greek Grammarian Anonymous Grammatical Fragment in Greek

The Grammatical Fragment is an anonymous grammatical treatise surviving in two brief passages. Its title suggests it is an excerpt from a larger, now lost work. The extant text systematically details the declension of possessive pronouns, categorizing them by number—singular, dual, and plural—and by case, including the genitive, dative, and accusative. It provides the forms for the first-person, second-person, and third-person possessives, noting that the feminine and neuter genders are declined similarly. The fragment breaks off as it begins to introduce a discussion on the article. This technical focus places the work within the tradition of Hellenistic and Roman-era grammatical scholarship, which sought to analyze and codify the parts of speech and their accidents. The work survives only in fragmentary form, likely preserved on papyrus or as a quotation within another text, with no known manuscript tradition. While its direct influence cannot be traced, the fragment contributes to the substantial corpus of Greek grammatical writings that systematized the language and provided the foundation for later linguistic study in the Byzantine and Renaissance periods.

[45] [Περὶ ἀντωνυμίας] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [ ἐντὸς δυϊκαὶ] [ἐκτὸς πληθυντι]καὶ ὀρθῆ[ς] πτώσε[ως, νωΐτεροι, σφωΐ]τεροι, γενικῆς [νωϊτέρων, σφω]ϊτέρων, δοτικῆ[ς] νω[ϊτέροις, σφωϊτ]έροις, αἰτιατικῆς [νωϊτέρους, σφω]ϊτέρους. ἐντὸς πλη[θυντικαὶ 〈ἐκτὸς ἑνικαὶ〉 ὀρθῆς πτώσ]εως, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέ[τερος, σφέτερος, γ]ενικῆς ἡμετέρου, [ὑμετέρου, σφετέ]ρου, δοτικῆς [ἡμετέρῳ, ὑμετέρῳ], σφετέρῳ, αἰτιατι[κῆς ἡμέτερον, ὑ]μέτερον, σφέτερον. [ἐντὸς πληθυντικ]αὶ ἐκτὸς δυϊκαὶ ὀρθῆς [καὶ αἰτιατικῆς πτώσ]εω[ς] ἡμετέρω, ὑμετέ[ρ]ω, [σφετέρω, γενικ]ῆς καὶ δοτικῆς [ἡμετέροιν, ὑμετέ]ροιν, σφετέροιν. [ἐντὸς καὶ ἐκτὸς] πληθυντικαὶ ὀρθῆς [πτώσεως, ἡμέτε]ροι, ὑμέτεροι, σφέτεροι, [γενικῆς ἡμετέρων, 〈ὑμετέρων〉, σ]φετέ[ρω]ν, δοτικῆς [ἡμετέροις, ὑμετέροις, σφετέ]ροις, αἰτια[τικῆς ἡμετέρους, ὑμετέρους, σφετέρο]υς. ὁμοίως δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ θ[η]λυκὰ καὶ τὰ οὐθέτερα κλ{ε}ίνετ[αι]. περὶ ἄρθρου ἄρθρον δέ ἐστιν συλλαβὴ προτακτικὴ καὶ [ὑ]ποτακτικὴ π[α]ντὸς ὀνόματος διαφόρως εἰ[ς] τὰς πτώσ〈ε〉ις παρασχηματιζομένη. τῶν δὲ ἄρθρων ἃ μέν ἐστιν προτακτικά, ἃ δὲ ὑποτακτικά. προτακτ[ικ]ὸν μὲν οὖν ἐστιν ὁ, τοῦ, τῷ, τόν, ὑποτακτικὰ δὲ ὅς, οὗ, ᾧ, ὅν. ὁμοίως δὲ αὐτοῖς [κ]αὶ τὰ θηλυκὰ καὶ [τὰ ο]ὐθέτερα κλ{ε}ίν[ετ]αι. περὶ προθέ[σε]ως πρόθεσ[ις] δέ ἐστιν μέρος λόγο[υ] κα[τὰ μ]όνον σχηματισμὸν ἐκφερομένη π[α]ντὸς μέρους λόγου προθετικ[ή. ἅπ]ασαί ε[ἰσιν μὲ]ν δεκαοκτώ, αἵδε [εἰ]σι[ν αὗται, ἀνά,] παρά, ἀντί, μ[ετά, κατά, διά,] ἀπό, σύν, ἐν, [ἐξ, πρό, πρός,] εἰς, ἐπ[ί, περί, ἀμφί, ὑπό, ὑπέρ.] π[ερὶ ἐπιρρήματος] ἐπίρ〈ρ〉η[μα δέ ἐστιν λέξις προτα]κτικὴ [καὶ ὑποτακτικὴ παντὸς ῥή]ματος [ἀκλίτως σημαίνουσα ποσό]τη[τ]α ἢ [ποιότητα καὶ μεσότητα] ἢ χρόν[ον ἢ τόπον ἢ ἄρνησιν] ἢ ἐπικ[έλευσιν ἢ ἀπαγόρευσιν] ἢ διστα[σμὸν ἢ συγκατάθεσιν] ἢ εὐχὴ[ν ἢ παραβολήν. ποσότη]τος μὲ[ν οὖν ἐστιν δηλωτικὰ τὰ τοι]αῦτα, ἅπ[αξ, δίς, τρίς, τετράκις,] ὀλιγάκισ[, πολλάκις.[45]
(50) ποιότητος δέ,] καλῶς, σο[φῶς, βοτρυδόν, ἀγεληδόν,] νύξ, γν[ύξ, λάξ, ὀδάξ. ταῦτα] δὲ καὶ με[σότητος καλεῖται. χρόνου] δέ, νῦν, [ἐχθές, αὔριον. τόπου δέ,] ἐνταῦθα, [χαμαί, ἔξω. ἀρνήσεως δέ,] οὐ, οὐχί, [οὐδῆτα. ἐπικελεύσεως δέ,][55]

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